Text A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Brief Overview

Definition and Symptoms

o Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves. Symptoms typically start with weakness and tingling in the legs, which can spread to the upper body and arms. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis.

Causes and Risk Factors

o The exact cause of GBS is unknown, but it is often preceded by an infectious illness such as a respiratory infection or the stomach flu. Risk factors include age (older adults are more affected) and having certain infections like Campylobacter jejuni, Epstein-Barr virus, or Zika virus.

Diagnosis and Treatment

o Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, nerve conduction studies, and lumbar puncture. Treatment focuses on reducing the severity and duration of the syndrome with therapies such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange. Supportive care, including physical therapy, is crucial for recovery.

Text B

Managing Guillain-Barré Syndrome:

Initial Strategies

General Measures:

Dietary Adjustments:

• Maintaining proper nutrition is crucial. Include foods rich in vitamins and minerals to support nerve health.
• Ensure adequate hydration with fluids such as water and electrolyte solutions.

Rest:

• Plenty of rest is essential to help the body recover. Reduce physical activity and avoid strenuous exercise.

Hygiene:

• Regular handwashing with soap and water to prevent infections that might exacerbate symptoms. • Using sanitizers when soap and water are not available.

Seeking Medical Attention:

• If symptoms progress or breathing difficulties arise, seek medical attention promptly.
• High-risk individuals should consult healthcare providers early for appropriate interventions. Additional Considerations:

Rehabilitation:

• Early physical and occupational therapy to maintain muscle strength and flexibility.

Medication:

• Pain management with analgesics or neuropathic pain medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoiding activities that can increase the risk of infection and practicing good respiratory hygiene.

Text C

Drug Therapy Protocol:

Licensed Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) must consult with the Attending Physician or Nurse Practitioner (NP). Registered Nurse (RN) in specialized settings may proceed.

Drug	Form	Strength	Route of administration	Recommended dosage	Duration
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Infusion	IV	2 g/kg IV	IV infusion	Divided over 2-5 days	Reduces immune system attack on nerves

Patient Medication Guide:

Caution

• Be aware of potential side effects like headache, fever, and nausea.

Potential Side Effects

• Common side effects include chills, dizziness, and muscle pain. Report any severe reactions to a healthcare provider.

Additional Information

Monitoring:

• Monitor for signs of allergic reactions or severe side effects during and after infusion.

Compliance

• Follow the prescribed infusion schedule to ensure the best possible outcome. Lifestyle Modifications:
• Continue practicing good hygiene and avoid exposure to infections during treatment.

Text D

Technique for Using a Manual Resuscitator (Ambu Bag) at Home

Preparation:

• Ensure the patient is in a supine position and the resuscitator is within reach.
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Assembling the Resuscitator:

• Check that the bag, mask, and valves are properly connected.

Using the Resuscitator:

• Place the mask over the patient’s nose and mouth, ensuring a tight seal.
• Squeeze the bag gently and steadily, observing the chest rise to ensure proper ventilation.
• Continue until the patient is breathing adequately or medical help arrives.

Post-Usage:

• Disassemble the resuscitator and clean all parts with warm, soapy water.
• Allow parts to air dry before reassembling for future use.
• Record the usage in a logbook, noting the time and any observations.

Maintenance:

• Regularly check the resuscitator for wear and replace parts as needed.
• Ensure all valves and seals are functioning correctly and clean the filter periodically.