Text A

Influenza: A Brief Overview

1. Definition and Symptoms
   • Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness and, at times, can lead to death. Symptoms typically include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. Some individuals may also experience vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
2. Causes and Risk Factors
   • Influenza is primarily spread through droplets when people with the flu cough, sneeze, or talk. Risk factors include young age, elderly individuals, pregnant women, and those with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease. Additionally, living in close quarters or having a weakened immune system increases the risk.
3. Diagnosis and Treatment
   • Diagnosis often involves a physical examination and may include rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs). Treatment focuses on symptom relief with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications. Antiviral drugs like oseltamivir (Tamiflu) can reduce the severity and duration of the illness if taken shortly after symptoms begin.

Text B

Managing Influenza: Initial Strategies

General Measures:

Dietary Adjustments:

• Maintaining hydration is crucial. Drink plenty of fluids such as water, herbal teas, and broths.
• Eating nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins helps support the immune system.

Rest:

• Adequate rest is essential to help the body fight off the infection. Encourage frequent naps and reducing physical activity.

Hygiene:

• Frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can prevent the spread of the virus.
• Using hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol when soap and water are not available.

Seeking Medical Attention:

• If symptoms worsen or complications arise, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or persistent fever, seek medical attention promptly.
• High-risk individuals should seek medical advice early in the illness to determine if antiviral medications are appropriate.

Additional Considerations: Vaccination:

• Annual influenza vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent the flu and its complications.

Medication:

• Antiviral medications prescribed by a healthcare provider can help reduce symptom severity and duration if taken within the first 48 hours of symptom onset.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals and practicing good respiratory hygiene, such as covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or elbow, are key preventive measures.

Text C

Drug Therapy Protocol:

Licensed Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) must consult with the Attending Physician or Nurse Practitioner (NP). Registered Nurse (RN) in specialized settings may proceed.

Drug	Form	Strength	Route of administration	Recommended dosage	Duration
Oseltamivir	Capsule	75 mg	ORAL	1 capsule twice daily for 5 days	Shortens symptom duration and reduces complications

Patient Medication Guide: Caution:

• Avoid operating heavy machinery or driving while taking medication, especially when starting treatment or adjusting dosage.

Potential Side Effects:

• Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, and headache. Contact a healthcare provider if these symptoms persist or worsen.

Additional Information: Monitoring:

• Monitor for any allergic reactions or severe side effects and report them to a healthcare provider.

Compliance:

• Take medications as prescribed to effectively manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Maintain good hygiene practices, stay hydrated, and follow a nutritious diet to support recovery.

Text D

Technique for Using a Nebulizer at Home

Preparation:

• Ensure the patient is seated comfortably and has all the necessary equipment within reach.
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Assembling the Nebulizer:

• Place the medication in the nebulizer cup according to the prescribed dosage.
• Attach the mouthpiece or mask to the cup.

Using the Nebulizer:

• Connect the nebulizer to the air compressor.
• Turn on the compressor and ensure a fine mist is visible.
• Instruct the patient to take slow, deep breaths through the mouthpiece or mask until the medication is gone (usually 10-15 minutes).

Post-Usage:

• Wash the nebulizer cup, mouthpiece, or mask with warm, soapy water and allow to air dry.
• Record the treatment in a logbook, noting the time and medication used.
• Encourage the patient to keep a log of their treatments to share with their healthcare provider.

Maintenance:

• Regularly check the nebulizer for wear and replace parts as needed.
• Ensure the air compressor is functioning correctly and clean the filter periodically.